Silk Road: Korla to Kashgar | The Baicheng Landform, near Kuqa.
The Baicheng Landform, near Kuqa.

Silk Road: Korla to Kashgar (7 days)

Spend seven days on the Silk Road, heading west to Kashgar and travelling through the vast empty areas of Xinjiang Province.

Level 2
Easy hikes and walks. (Can I do it?)

This trip is not currently open for bookings

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Trip overview
Day One main activities Meet up in Korla, explore Korla's Old Quarter.
Day Two main activities Drive to Kuqa, tour Grand Mosque, King's Palace, Old Town.
Day Three main activities Visit ruins of Subashi Ancient City, hike in Baicheng Landform, overnight in Baicheng.
Day Four main activities Visit Kizil Thousand-Buddha Caves, drive to Aksu.
Day Five main activities Drive to Kashgar.
Day Six main activities Tour Kashgar's Old Town, Id Kah Mosque, Tomb of Xiangfei.
Day Seven main activities Visit livestock market, trip finishes after lunch.

Journey to the West

One of our most popular long distance trips is the ‘Journey from the West’, starting from Urumqi and heading east to Jiayuguan. On this trip we’re going the other way, following the Silk Road west to Kashgar – a journey of more than one-thousand kilometers!

Skirting the fringes of the huge Taklamakan Desert, we’ll pass through obscure Silk Road stops like Korla, Kuqa, and Aksu. We’ll take a hike to see the stunning scenery of the Baicheng Landform and the Dakziliya Grand Canyon, and will explore the Buddhist art and murals of the Kizil Thousand-Buddha Caves.

Travelling by jeep will give us a good look at the lifestyle of those who live in the sparsely populated areas of western China, and we’ll get an idea of what it might have been like to travel the Silk Road in days gone by—in air-conditioned comfort, of course.

Our jeep team is local to the area, and they’ve helped us pick out a few extra places to visit … places we wouldn’t have otherwise known about!

The Journey to the West is one of the four classics of Chinese literature, and is a fictionalised account of the actual journey made by Buddhist monk Xuanzang in the sixth century. Some of the historical information known about the stops we make along the way is attributed to notes made by Xuanzang on his journey.

Highlights

Korla

There has been a settlement at Korla since at least the Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), when the town there was known as Weili and had a population of around 10,000 people. A river runs through Korla, and the river valley formed a natural passage between mountains and desert—no need for the Silk Road traders to cross the high mountain ranges nearby. One of the key fortifications in the area is the Tiemen (Iron Gate) Pass, a military checkpoint from the Tang Dynasty (618–907).

The population has grown since the Han Dynasty, with a population of 470,000 recorded by the 2007 census. The majority of inhabitants are Han Chinese, and there's a substantial percentage of Uyhgurs, Mongolians, and Huis. Our jeep drivers come from Korla, and, for some of them, Mongolian is their first language.

The economy has also changed in modern times, particularly with the discovery of oil in the Taklamakan Desert. Another key product of the area is the fragrant pear, which we're sure to get a taste of!

In the book version of Journey from the West Xuanzang convinced a local river-ogre to become Buddhist, and to stop terrorizing villagers and travellers. In the actual journey, Xuanzang passed through carrying his copies of sutras.

Kuqa

Kuqa was one of the Four Garrisons of Anxi, active during the Tang Dynasty. (The other three garrisons were Khotan, to the south, Kashgar, to the west, and Karashahr, north of Korla.) The garrisons were built during a time when the Tibetan Empire was vying with China for control of the area. Later, during the eighth century, Kucha became the center of the Uyghur Kingdom.

The ruined city of Subashi
The ruined city of Subashi. (Click for larger image)

Even further back, in ‘Antiquity’ (that is, before 476 or so), Kuqa was a Buddhist center, with notes made by Xuanzang of “100 convents, with 5,000 Buddhist disciples following doctrine and rules of discipline like those of India“.

Kuchean music and dance was very popular during the Tang Dynasty, and we'll see depictions of lutes, drums, and dancing when we visit the Kizil Thousand Buddha Caves near Aksu.

In Kuqa we'll visit the Old City, where we'll see the narrow lanes between mud-brick houses and perhaps the busy market in the Old City square, and we'll make visits to the King’s Palace, and the Mosque.

Close by to Kuqa is the ruined city of Subashi, where we'll see the remains of a huge Buddhist temple. When Xuanzang passed through, he was so impressed he stayed for two months! The use of the site peaked between the sixth and eighth centuries, at which time it was home to more than 10,000. The temple was sacked during war in the ninth century, and never really recovered, especially as the influence of Islam grew in this area during the time of the Uyghur Kingdom.

Not far from Subashi is an area with some excellent scenery. We’ll do some hiking there on the way to the Dakziliya ‘Grand Canyon’.

Aksu

In Uyghur, Aksu means ‘White Water’, and a big river nearby is likely the reason for this name. During the Han Dynasty, and until the early Tang Dynasty, it was known as Kumo, and described as a kingdom. It's sited at a fork in the Silk Road, with a section that crosses the mountains to get to the Ili River splitting from the main line of the northern Silk Road that skirts the top of the Tarim Basin.

Nowadays, it's a fairly large town by Chinese standards, with a population of nearly 600,000. In Aksu Prefecture, there are nearly two million people, with 71% belonging to the Uyghur ethnic group. The economy is largely agricultural, with cotton, grain, fruits, oils, and beets the main products.

The Kizil Thousand-Buddha Caves
The Kizil Thousand-Buddha Caves. (Click for larger image)

Near Aksu are the Kizil Thousand Buddha Caves, a series of caves cut into rock high on a hill. The caves were carved by Buddists between the third and sixth centuries, and are the largest of their type in Xinjiang Province. The caves have a similar style to the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, but were not as well hidden from the turmoil and treasure hunters through the years. Many of the murals remain, and three phases of influence on the artwork can be seen: Indian, Iranian, and Tang Dynasty. We'll take a closer look when we get there!

As with seemingly all the Buddhist sites in the area, Xuanzang passed through, recording the presence of tens of Buddhist monasteries and noting that the customs of Aksu were similar to those of Kuqa, but that the spoken language was “somewhat different“.

Kashgar

Kashgar is an ancient city in the far west of China, with many historically interesting sites and a strong Muslim influence from the large Uyghur community.

The earliest recorded mention of Kashgar can be found in Han Dynasty records that date back to 125 BC. At that point it was already one of the many stops on the Northern Silk Road, and, despite wars and battles, has been populated ever since.

In Kashgar, we will visit many of the most interesting sights.

Street scene in Kashgar's Old City
Street scene in Kashgar's Old City. (Click for larger image)

Kashgar Old City

Known as an excellent example of a traditional Islamic city, Kashgar’s Old City has undergone significant changes in recent times—some parts have been knocked down due to new regulations about building to meet earthquake and fire codes, and some sections are undergoing reconstruction.

While the Old City might not be totally as aesthetically pleasing as it used to be, it’s still very much worth a visit just to get a look at the daily life of the local residents, and to sample a little bit of the naan bread sold at streetside stalls.

The Id Kah mosque, in Kashgar
The Id Kah mosque, in Kashgar. (Click for larger image)

Id Kah Mosque

With a history that stretches back until at least the 14th century, the Id Kah Mosque is an active mosque and perhaps the largest in China. While we can’t enter during the times of prayer, we’ll try to time it so we can get a look inside.

Grand Bazaar

Bad news—the Grand Bazaar was demolished in 2022. We’ll visit a large market in the Old City, and we’ll try to find something else to do instead of the Grand Bazaar visit.

Kashgar’s Grand Bazaar covers a huge area and sells a little of everything—carpets and silk, spices, dried fruit, animal skins and fur, hats, clothing, trumpets, drums, and other musical instruments, and much more!

The Tomb of Xiangfei, in Kashgar
The Tomb of Xiangfei, in Kashgar. (Click for larger image)

Tomb of Xiangfei, the ’Fragrant Concubine’

Commonly known as the Tomb of the Fragrant Concubine, it is more accurately described as the tomb of Afaq Khoja, a religious and political leader said to be a relative of Muhammad, and is one of the key Muslim sites in Xinjiang.

The mausoleum was built around 1640 for Muhammed Yusuf, the father of Afaq Khoja, and is a domed structure with four corner minarets and a beautiful cladding of glazed tiles.

The key points of the story of the Fragrant Concubine differ greatly, depending on which side is telling it. One side has it that her captivating scent caused her presentation as a gift to the Emperor, who she grew to love until her death. The other side has it that she was kidnapped and held against her will in the Forbidden City, where she plotted to kill him until she was murdered by the Empress Dowager.

Livestock Market

The livestock market is where local shepherds and farmers meet up to sell and trade livestock. We’ll visit* for a look at this very interesting slice of local culture on the last day of the trip, and see if we can spot anyone using the secretive method of agreeing on a price.

* If the market is not open we will offer a different activity.

Local culture

Xinjiang is home to many different Chinese ethnic groups, and in some places you might really feel you’re not in China. As we travel, we will get a good look at the customs of different minority groups, including different styles of clothing, different types of food, and religious beliefs. Many of the people in Xinjiang and Gansu are Muslim. Their religion forbids the eating of pork and donkey meat. Customers must not take their own food into Muslim restaurants. In mosques and other religious establishments, please be quiet, respectful and unobtrusive. Dress modestly at all times; this particularly applies to women.

Bargaining with stallholders, as is done in many Chinese cities, is to be avoided in Xinjiang.

Getting to Korla, and back home again from Kashgar

You’ll meet your guides at the Korla Airport between 1-2pm on the first day of the trip.

The itinerary will finish in Kashgar on the last day of the trip, and we plan to drop you off at the Kashgar Airport around 2pm.

Flights to Korla and away from Kashgar typically transfer at Urumqi Airport.

Please do not purchase your flights until we are able to confirm the departure of the trip.

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Photos and trip reports: Silk Road: Korla to Kashgar (7 days)

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